Selecting a method of data collection Methods of data collection Collecting data using primary sources Observa'tion Types of observation Problems with using observation as a method of data collection Situations in which observation can be made. Reviewing the literature Place of literature review in research Bring clarity and focus to your research problcm Improve your methodology Hroaden your lrnowledge base in your research area Contextualise your findings Procedure for reviewing the literature Search for existing literaturc Review the literature selected Develop a theoretical i'rurnc.work Uevelop a conceptual framework Writing up the literature reviewed Summary Formulating a research problem The research problem The importance of formulating a research problem Sources of research problems Considerations in selecting a research problem Steps in the formulation of a research problem The formulation of objectives Establishing operational definitions Summary Identifying variables The definition of a variable The difference between a concept and a variable Concepts, indicators and variables Types of variable From the viewpoint of causation From the viewpoint of the study design From the viewpoint of the unit of measurement Types of measurement scale The nominal or classificatory scale The ordinal or ranking scale The interval scale The ratio scale Summary Constructing hypotheses The definition of a hypothesis The functions of a hypothesis The characteristics of a hypothesis Types of hypothesis Errors in testing a hypothesis Summary